Simulating the Changes of Invasive Phragmites australis in a Pristine Wetland Complex with a Grey System Coupled System Dynamic Model: A Remote Sensing Practice

Biological invasion has been one of the reasons that coastal wetlands gradually lose their ecological services. The current study investigates spread a commonly found invasive species in Northeastern US, Phragmites australis. Within relatively pristine wetland complex New Jersey, we collected high-resolution multispectral remote sensing images for eight years (2011–2018), both winter and summer seasons. land cover/land use status this is simple, contains only five identifiable vegetation covers water. Applying high accuracy machine learning algorithms, are able to classify use/land cover classified as basis grey system coupled dynamics simulative model. model produces change next 25 years. Results suggest australis will increase coverage future, despite stable intensity anthropogenic activities. could its essential services serve an exchange spot nekton from sea.